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The (Ugly) Truth About Baby Food Pouches
It’s hard to believe that baby food pouches only came on the market about a decade ago, give or take. To put it mildly, these things became insanely popularfast. In 2018, theNew York Times reported that pouches account fora full quarter of the baby food market —wow. This is a pretty staggering rise to prominence, when you think about it.
In real life, the prominence bears out. I see pouches everywhere, and it’s true: pouches take up at least 25% of the shelf space on the baby food aisle (which is itself a dizzying array of products and options…).
If you’re a parent, we probably don’t have to tell you why pouches became so popular so quickly: they’re the epitome of convenience. Besides the fact that kidsreally like them, pouches require no prep, no feeding, no refrigeration, no mess, and virtually no clean up. They’re easy to pack, easy to store, easy to hand over, and given that so many of them are organic and/or contain exotic fruits and vegetables, they’re really easy to feel good about.
But too much of anything is not always a good thing.
Pouches are a great option for any number of circumstances and situations (more on this shortly…), but according to the best experts, over relying on them is actually problematic. Here’s why:
Pouches don’t teach young children about food and eating.
Every time a baby or toddler sits down to eat presents a learning opportunity in more ways than one. And unfortunately, pouches detract from that learning more than they contribute to it.
Eating — whether it’s by hand or getting spoon-fed — entails using fine motor skills, coordination, and specific oral mechanics. It’s a tactile experience that furthers a child’s developmental abilities in multiple areas. If eating is an actual activity, “eating” from a pouch is passive. It is, in a way, a lost developmental learning opportunity.
When children eat solids — including purees — they’re learning to take bites, to move food around in their mouths, to use their tongues, and to chew. Pouches demand none of this of children. As Kara Larson, a feeding specialist and speech language pathologist at Boston Children’s Hospital said in an interview: “if children are just sucking from a pouch all the time, we worry that some of that tactile experience with food might be lost.”
Eating is also a sensory experience, and this is another area in which pouches come up short. Babies and toddlers learning to eat take ineverything about foods — feeling, seeing, and smelling are a huge part of how they learn about different foods. With pouches, all this sensory intake is essentially lost: children can’t see what color their “food” is, can’t smell it by and large, and don’t feel its textures.
Not to mention, to a large extent,they also can’t even really taste it. Here’s what I mean…
The main ingredient in most pouches tends to be a sweet food, usually a fruit. And those sweet foods effectively dominate the entire flavor profile. So even if a pouch does contain spinach or broccoli or the like,children can’t taste it. Like, at all.
Indeed, partly because of this sweet-taste-masking effect, young children usually can’t differentiate between any of the flavors in any given pouch. I found it helpful to consider what’s going on for me whenever I have a smoothie — I can often pull outsome of the individual flavors, but not all of them. And even the singular tastes I can detect,I can only detect because I already know what they taste like.
Babyhood and toddlerhood together comprise a critical period of time for learning about foods — and learning to like foods! If toddlers don’t have experience with actual vegetables, they may be less likely to enjoy them down the road. As pediatrician Dr. Natalie Muth told the Times, “kids need the taste of what the actual food is to come to like it later.” IOW, apple-pear-kale pouches aren’t helping children learn to love kale.
All of this is to say that children don’t learn much about foods (if anything at all) from pouches — they’re not becoming familiar with the foods or even the flavors included — which is a problem because this is a huge piece of how children come to actually like foods.
Pouches aren’t as nutritious as manufacturers would like us to believe.
There is ahuge problem in the way these pouches are marketed — it’s totally misleading, in my opinion.
We parents are led to believe that pouches are a great way to “get” our children to eat healthy, and that we can trust a pouch to put plenty of fruits and vegetables into our kids’ systems. Many pouches also contain foods you won’t find in conventional baby food jars, like quinoa or kale or pomegranate or avocado — and the message we are led to believe is that these inclusions make poucheseven more healthy. They contain all these awesome foodie foods! But pouches actually aren’t all that healthy, and as mentioned above, the delivery mechanism — single-texture blends that children “drink” more than they “eat” — isn’t teaching children to come to know and loveactual fruits and vegetables.
Some pouches contain added sugars (grrr), and even among those that don’t the sugar content is still disproportionate compared to the real foods they started out as. This is true of jarred baby food in general (the high-heat processing that ensures shelf-stability also nukes all the “good stuff,” including vitamins, minerals, fiber, and flavor, while leaving undesirable contents like sugar) — but some research indicates that pouches in particular tend to have higher sugar contents than baby food jars.
The lack of fiber and texture is also a huge loss — because fiber is super important for digestive health and also contributes to feeling satiated. In fact, some experts worry that because children can suck down pouches so much more quickly than they could eat the same thing (and they aren’t getting any measurable amounts of fiber from them), pouches might actually impact children’s learning about feelings of satiety.
The convenience factor, too, can be so damntempting. Because they are so easy and children like them so much, many parents (myself included — guilty) use pouches as a sort of management strategy in moments of “crisis,” to put an end to things like public tantrums or epic stretches of whining. Admittedly, this probably sends our kids some mixed messages, namely that emotional or inappropriate behavior can and will be tamed with food (read: sugar). Without being alarmist about it, it’s not unreasonable to think that these aren’t necessarily the healthy, ideal lessons many of us are aiming to teach our kids.
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All this said — there is a time and a place for everything, and you don’t need to empty your pantry of pouches for all eternity or swear them off entirely. The problem with pouches, as it were, is only apparent if babies and toddlers are consuming them A LOT. As in, multiple pouches per day. As in, so-many-pouches are displacing other sources ofreal food.
Here are some helpful thoughts from experts on when and how to incorporate pouches:
Pouches may be a parent’s best friend in certain situations — and the hands-down “winner” in that category is TRAVEL. Whether you are making a road trip, day trip, plane trip, or whatever, having a pouch on hand for a snack can be life-saving. These kinds of situations are often about getting through them, so do what you need to anddon’t feel guilty about it!
Experts suggest having some sort of “ground rules,” so to speak, about using pouches — as opposed to using them randomly, on the fly, or as a reactive strategy to calm down your child. Put another way, they recommend making decisions about when and how you plan to use pouches ahead of time, rather than in the moment.
Look for products with no added sugar, and consider buying smaller sized pouches if they’re available.
Simply choosing to feed your child the contents of a pouch can change a lot about the situation — it reintroduces the feedingexperience to the equation, is much more interactive, and also takes more time.
If you’re going to “need” some sort of easy, on-the-go packaged food for whatever reason, don’t necessarily discount pouches. They are certainly a better choice than much of the ultra-processed food options available, such as candy or chips or cookies and the like. Sure, pouches aren’t blueberries or peas or carrots, but they’re not M&M’s.
^This isn’t to say that children need pouches — not at all. Pouches were made for and marketed toUS, parents. And there are plenty of reasons to like them. But our children don’t need them, and they’re certainly not benefitting from them.
As we said, there’s a time and a place for everything — and pouches aren’t “all bad”! When we offer them with intention and in moderation, pouches can be wonderful. But it’s also important to see beyond the deceptive marketing that would have us believe pouches are a boon to any child’s culinary education. Not so — as always, in the end, real food wins…
How Baby Food Pouches are Made (A Behind the Scenes Look) & How We're Different
Most parents can admit to staring and staring at the supermarket shelf, looking the baby food aisle up and down, wondering what is the best possible baby food to give their baby. There are more flavors of baby food pouches available than there are cereals, but there is one thing they all have in common: the way the baby food pouches are made.
But wait, they’re 100% fruit right? They don’t list “sugar” as an ingredient… They are “organic,” brain smart, and filled with fiber. How can these squeeze pouches be badfor your little one?
When we started Amara, we knew that no one was getting more time anytime soon. So we searched high and low for the best way to bring fresh food to supermarket shelves without sacrificing essential nutrients and vitamins.
We stumbled across a technique that was used centuries ago by the Incans to preserve food. The Incans didn’t just store their food where they lived. They would climb up to the highest mountains, at a much higher elevation than where they lived, and store their food there. Why would they store their food so far away from where they cooked? It turns out the Incans were not just trying to get exercise, they were on to something. The pressure and cold of the high mountains actually preserved the food, all while maintaining the taste, texture and nutrients of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Crazy right? Well, we started researching more to see how we could use this ancient wisdom. That’s when we found the technique we use today. At Amara, we minimally process the fruits, veggies and grains so you can get the closest thing to homemade when you don’t have time to make it yourself. We just take out the water, so you can take homemade with you, anytime, anywhere.
Now that’s what we do. But what do other baby food companies do? Why are those pouches so high in sugars? Why do they have the same texture and consistency, all kind of tasting like apples?
Creating a shelf-stable pouch of baby food
Shelf-stable means that the food can sit on a shelf without refrigeration or spoilage for quite some time. Jarred shelf-stable baby food lasts for about two years. Pouch-stored shelf-stored baby food lasts for one year. This lets supermarkets and baby food companies take their time in selling the product because they don’t have to worry about spoilage.
Unfortunately, the way they create shelf-stable food isn’t exactly good for its nutritional value. They have to use processes that remove the causes of spoilage (the bad stuff), but these same processes also reduce nutrition (the good stuff).
The extraordinary high levels of heat the traditional jars and pouches are using is the major culprit. Heat breaks down vitamins and destroys enzymes that are needed for proper digestion. Now, after so much heat – you are left with a boiled down mixture that is closer to jam than wholesome fresh food.
So let’s follow how traditional baby food is made….
First, most shelf-stable baby food companies don’t process raw vegetables and fruits themselves. They buy them from other companies in the form of a puree or a concentrate. These purees and concentrates start by chopping and washing vegetables and grinding them down (which heats up the puree.) Next, stones, skins, and seeds are removed, but along with these, the fiber is also removed. This creates a smooth consistency, but babies need fiber!
So far, it’s like making homemade baby food, only maybe not so much heat because you’re not using industrial equipment (you don’t normally heat your food over 185 degrees F for a long period of time)…. But that’s not it.
Then, the puree is “deareated” to remove oxygen (which causes food to spoil) and then pasteurized. As we all know, pasteurization requires high heat for a long time to kill bacteria. This high heat-processed puree is sent to the baby food companies. If a concentrate is called for, the puree goes through an evaporator to draw out water before shipping. If you’ve ever tasted frozen juice concentrate, you know it’s like swallowing a spoonful of sugar.
Now, enter baby food companies:
Baby food companies buy these pureed (can we still call them fruits and vegetables?) and blend them to create their flavors. They sometimes add water for consistency, and they can also add other things. Acids (e.g. citric acid) is added for further bacterial control as well as to prevent browning of the product over time. Nutrient powders may also be added to make up for the lost nutritional value caused by the earlier processes.
So let’s go over that….
Ok, so now we have that pureed recipe of baby food company X. What next?
Then the puree has to get packaged. If it’s in a jar, it’s the same process used for home canning, which requires high levels of heat. But did you know that pouches have to be heated as well? This has to be done to kill any bacteria in the pouch, but again, it raises the temperature of the food. These pouches, while convenient, do contain compounds that might leach into the food under high heat such as BPA and aluminum.
So now you have your pureed heated mix according to the recipe for baby food company X. Then it’s put in a pouch. The pouch is heated AGAIN at high levels to make sure that there is no bacteria or mold in the pouch.
…. Pausing. We’re pretty far from those fresh fruits and veggies you pinned right?
Right.
So. Shelf-stability may help consumers know they’re getting unspoiled baby food, but by the end of it, fruits and vegetables have been turned into a kind of jam with no texture and not the best nutrition. (Ever wonder why your baby loves the pouches but doesn’t like the real veggies when you make them?)
Now, I want to pause here. We are all feeling pretty bad about those pouches and jars right? I mean, we didn’t paint the prettiest picture here. Because it’s not. BUT. I do want to stress here, there are moments that your baby is screaming or you’re in the car and the pouch really is the easiest option. And THAT’S OKAY. We don’t walk around in a perfect white onesie all the time, do we? We know there are times for the pouch, but just treat it as an occasional snack or dessert, not an everyday kind of thing.
How Amara differs
We look carefully at every single ingredient and source it the best possible way. That’s right. We don’t just use one co packer that hands us a finished product. We look at every ingredient and find the best process and combination for your little one. We don’t use additives; we don’t use emulsifiers or any of those funny fillers. We just do real food, real ingredients. We bring you the best possible baby food, without you having to chop and cook everything yourself. It's a difference you can see:
Imagine the fruits and veggies just without the water. Now that's a pouch you can actually feel proud of. At Amara, baby food is made better to taste better.
Get 15% off your first purchase with us with code:
ONLYTHEBEST
Sources:
https://www.stlouischildrens.org/health-resources/pulse/pros-and-cons-baby-food-pouches
https://www.firstfiveyears.org.au/child-development/the-important-facts-on-baby-food-pouches
https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/03/baby-food-pouches-may-pose-risks-for-development-health-when-overused.html
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31340487/
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/19/well/rethinking-baby-food-pouches.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/parenting/baby-food-pouches.html
http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/5-ancient-incan-inventions5.htm
USDA Table of Nutrient Retention Factors
http://nutritiondata.self.com/topics/processing#ixzz1fPecqOzH
http://www.livestrong.com/article/547867-what-does-cooking-do-to-vitamin-c/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/raw-veggies-are-healthier/
http://www.beyondveg.com/tu-j-l/raw-cooked/raw-cooked-2f.shtml
http://feedkids.com/2010/09/freeze-dried-dehydrated-fresh-frozen-or-canned-what-is-the-best-source-of-nutrition/
Gupta et al 2013, Retention of nutrients in green leafy vegetables on dehydration; J Food Sci Technol 50 (5), 918-925.
Starting the transition from breast milk or formula to solid foods can be quite daunting for parents.To add to the challenge, there are hundreds of commercial pureed baby food options on the market to choose from. In addition, commercial baby food can be expensive. Homemade pureed baby food is a great alternative since it is typically less expensive and more nutritious than commercial options. In fact, some parents prefer making pureed baby food, so they know exactly what is in the food they are feeding their baby. Making pureed baby food can be easy way to ensure your child is exposed to a wider variety of foods than what is available in commercially made options. In this fact sheet we will walk you through how to safely prepare and store pureed baby food so it is nutritious, convenient, and less expensive than store bought baby food.
Start with one food at a time and select foods that are nutritious and easy to mash such as bananas, avocados, peaches, mangoes, plums, grapes, potatoes and butternut squash. If your baby responds well to these, advance to other nutritious foods such as asparagus, kale, ground chicken, or quinoa. Starting with one food at a time allows your child to adjust to different flavors and allows parents to easily determine if they are allergic to certain foods. Babies are naturally intuitive eaters, meaning they have a very good sense of how much food they need to eat at any given time. Do not encourage babies to eat more or less than they choose to. Look for signs that your child has had enough to eat, such as, turning their head away or spitting out food.
Preparing pureed baby food may seem like a huge undertaking but it doesn't need to be. Many of the foods you eat with your family can be mashed up for baby to eat with you. Here are some tips on how to safely and easily prepare different foods for your infant:
Properly storing pureed baby food is crucial to your baby’s well-being. Improper storage can result in the growth of harmful bacteria that can cause serious illness. The following storage and food safety recommendations are adapted from the USDA Home-Prepared Infant Food guidelines.
While adult and child food safety procedures are the same, being attentive to food safety and sanitation is vital. Proper food safety helps prevent harmful bacteria from entering your infant’s food. Below are USDA recommendations for food safety.
Table 1. USDA: Safe Minimal Internal Temperature Chart
Beef, pork, veal, and lamb - Steak, chops, roasts 145° F and allow to rest for 3 minutes Ground meats 160° F Ham, fresh or smoked (uncooked) 145° F Fully cooked ham Reheat to 165° F Poultry - Breasts, whole bird, legs, thighs, wings, ground, stuffing 160° F Eggs 160° F Fish/Shellfish 145° F Casseroles 165° F Leftovers 165° FThere are a handful of food and beverages that are unsafe to feed your baby. The table below explains why your infant shouldn’t consume these products.
Table 2: Foods and Drinks that Should Be Avoided by Infants until 1 Year Olds
Food to Avoid Reason Explanation Rice drinks High arsenic levels Malnutrition High arsenic levels can lead to decreased performance and developmental delays. Lack of calories, protein and fat in rice drinks can lead to malnutrition. An example of a rice drink would be rice milk or Horchata. Honey Botulism Risk of clostridium bacterial spores which can cause infant botulism. Cow, goat, and soy milk Iron deficiency anemia Risk of iron deficiency anemia and deficiency of other important nutrients found in breast milk and formula. Water Malnutrition Water should not be used to replace breast milk or formula as it can result in malnutrition. Water is acceptable for infants when mixed in food or in small amounts for drinking in extremely hot weather. Home canned foods Botulism Can be a botulism risk if not canned/processed correctly.Commercial and homemade purees each have their own strengths and drawbacks in regards to safety and nutrition. For example, commercial puree has been found to have more calories and vegetables per serving as compared to homemade. However, homemade purees typically have more protein per serving. Commercial baby food has been found to be a healthy, convenient option if chosen wisely. Combination commercial pureed baby foods (commercial baby foods that contain more than 1 food item) can be higher in starch, salt, and sugar. The American Academy of Pediatric Nutrition Handbook states that “food choices should be encouraged, whether home or commercial prepared, are those with no added salt or sugar”. Early exposure to sodium and sugar can set taste preferences for the child’s future. Be sure to check food labels of commercial baby food for lower amounts of salt, sugar, and higher amounts of protein.
Commercial purees aren’t always the most cost effective options. The table below compares the prices of a single package of commercial name brand baby food and the amount of fruit or vegetable found on the top of the package to homemade.
Table 3: Price Difference in Commercial Pureed and Homemade Pureed Baby Food
Commercial Fruit/Vegetable per package Price Fresh Homemade price Apple package 1/3 apple $0.74 Fuji Apple $0.42 Banana package 2/3 banana $0.49 Banana $0.36 Pear package 1/3 pear $0.49 Concorde Pear $0.49 Mango, pouch 1/4 mango $1.24 Mango $0.25 Prunes package 2 3/4 mango $0.49 Prune $0.20 Carrots package 1 large carrot $0.74 Carrot $0.20 Green beans package 14 green beans $0.49 Green Beans $0.21 Sweet Potato package 1/2 potato $0.44 Sweet Potato $0.15 Pea package 60 peas $0.49 Peas $0.29 Butternut Squash package 1/4 cup cooked squash $0.74 Butternut Squash $0.16*Amount of fruit or vegetable per package was considered when calculating homemade price. Prices found at Walmart Online, April 11, 2018.
Give homemade pureed baby food a try! Having the hands-on experience of making your child’s puree will allow you to have confidence that your child in being fed nutritious and delicious foods. Why go to the store and buy a butternut squash puree when you’re already making a butternut squash for dinner? Mash it up, check the temperature, and you’re ready to go.
Shayla Shearer Dietetics Student; Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos PhD, MPH, RD; Carrie Durward PhD, RD;
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