The heat sink is the piece of metal the LED chips sit on. Heat needs to be conducted away from the LED and then cooled somehow – this is where the heat sink comes in. They provide the path for heat to travel from the LED light source to outside elements.
The circuit board, also referred to as the driver, takes energy from the socket and tells the LEDs to turn on and off, dim and sometimes even change color. LED drivers are similar to ballasts in fluorescent lamps. LED drivers also protect LEDs from voltage or current fluctuations. A change in voltage could cause a change in the current being supplied to the LEDs.
LEDs are designed to run on low voltage (12-24V), but many can run on higher voltages (120-277V).
The circuit board heats up when energy passes through it, making it necessary for heat-conductive housing. This housing component is usually made with aluminum. The housing will still be warm to the touch, but not as hot as halogen, incandescent or fluorescent lighting.
LEDs are designed as a direct replacement for existing light bulbs. They can also be found with any base that traditional bulbs are available in. There are many types of lamp bases:
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