Oxygen (O2): Oxygen is valued, above all, for its reactivity. Oxygen enrichment of air is used to increase the amount of oxygen available for combustion or biological activity. Biological activity enhancement includes medical applications and environmental applications such as industrial waste water and sanitary sewage treatment systems.
Oxygen enrichment of air in industrial processes increases reaction rates, which may permit greater throughput in existing equipment or the ability to reduce the physical size of equivalent capacity new equipment.
Another benefit of oxygen enrichment versus use of plain air is energy savings and due to a reduction in the amount of nitrogen and other gases passing through a furnace or through a chemical process. Reducing inert gases which would otherwise have to be compressed or heated, can reduce energy consumption due to a decrease in gas compression requirements or a reduction in the amount of fuel required to make a given amount of product. Reducing the amount of hot gases vented to the atmosphere from combustion processes may also decrease the size and cleanup costs associated with stack gas cleanup systems.
Oxygen’s reactivity is commonly used in metals processing (steel, copper, lead, zinc), glass furnaces, cement kilns, chemical manufacture, sewage treatment, pulp and paper manufacture, welding and cutting of metals, and medical oxygen.
Hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO): These gases react with oxygen and other materials in combustion processes and in various chemical production processes. These gases are often produced for use as raw materials for chemical manufacturing processes.
Hydrogen is used in refineries to remove sulfur and to chemically restructure (reform) hydrocarbons. It is used to hydrogenate unstable, unsaturated hydrocarbons and fatty acids in animal and vegetable oils. It is also used as a reducing agent in steel and zinc manufacture – removing oxygen that would react with and degrade the product.
Methane (CH4): Methane is naturally produced by biological activity. It is the primary component of “natural gas”, which is used as both a fuel and as a chemical raw material.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is co-produced with hydrogen by steam reforming plants using methane or other hydrocarbons as feedstock. It is a raw material for making monomers and other chemical products.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) does not react with oxygen, but will combine with other elements and compounds. Thus its commercial uses include raw material for various chemical processes and as a neutralizing agent for alkaline materials.
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